On the ocean blue without a clue

Article Abstract:

When Columbus landed in the Caribbean in 1492 he was not sure where he was so the event shows that methodical approaches to tasks do not necessarily meet with success. A group in Sagres set up by Prince Henry was, at the time of the Columbus voyage, making major advances in cartography, navigation, shipbuilding and related knowledge. They were therefore very shocked when Columbus returned from his voyage, with some Carib natives on board to prove he had been to previously unknown parts. It had been thought that voyages to the west would be a waste of time.

History, Discovery and exploration, Voyages and travels, Columbus, Christopher (Italian explorer)

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Macho benders of mystery universe; astronomers' discovery of 'gravitational lenses.'

Article Abstract:

Astronomers can now look deeper into space using gravitational lenses. They work by bending light and forming a lens which can make images. Quasars have been spotted using the lenses at Jodrell Bank, they turned out to be one quasar and an image made by a lens reflected off a galaxy. These lenses are most useful to measure accurately the amount of matter in the body which makes the image on the lens.

Usage, Gravitational lenses

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Papering over the cracks

Article Abstract:

A White Paper on research in science and technology was being prepared in Oct 1992. It is likely to focus on how funding is obtained for scientific research rather than where research is done. It may look at why UK inventions are often developed elsewhere. Government spending tops three billion pounds sterling, and other research institutions spend 7.7 billion pounds sterling.

Finance, Research

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