Niobium-based integrated circuit technologies
Article Abstract:
A variety of niobium (Nb)-based process technologies are found to be suitable for implementing Josephson junction electrodes and wiring layers in integrated circuits. Josephson junctions offer ultrahigh-speed switching at very low power dissipation, but Nb-based processes are needed to ensure the capability in an IC. Several such processes have been developed and are described. These include Nb-Al oxide-Nb (the most advanced), NbN-Nb oxide-NbN (Pb alloy), and NbN-Mg oxide-NbN. Nb films are generally formed through a sputtering process using a dc magnetron, while NbN films are formed through a reactive sputtering of Nb in an argon and nitrogen gas mixture. The development of Nb-AL oxide-Nb Josephson junctions and the fabrication of Josephson ICs are described.
Publication Name: Proceedings of the IEEE
Subject: Electronics
ISSN: 0018-9219
Year: 1989
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Chua's circuit family
Article Abstract:
Chua's circuit is considered a classic example for describing chaotic circuits. It is the simplest circuit which may become chaotic. Its chaotic behavior has been simulated by computer, verified by lab measurements, and rigorously proven by mathematical analysis. Chua's circuit shows a wide variety of nonlinear phenomena observed in other systems, and thus it can be considered a prototype model of chaos.
Publication Name: Proceedings of the IEEE
Subject: Electronics
ISSN: 0018-9219
Year: 1987
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