Speech processes for cochlear prostheses

Article Abstract:

Clinical studies of the use of implanted cochlear prostheses to enable a degree of hearing in deaf patients with varying levels of nerve survival reveals that the type of speech processor used gives widely varying levels of success depending upon the person. There are two general speech processor types--compressed analog (CA) and interleaved pulses (IP) processors. Each is described and evaluated in several patients. An introduction to the functioning and anatomy of normal hearing, the mechanics of speech, and the physics of cochlear prosthetic implants are presented. Study results also indicate that IP processing is usually the more viable strategy, but actual performance strongly depends on processor parameter selection. Clinicians should avail themselves of all possible implant and external choices, including such support devices as transcutaneous transmission systems.

Industrial research, Hearing, Speech recognition, Sound processing, Deaf persons, Real time systems, Research and Development, Trends, Outlook, Real-Time System, Voice Recognition, Deaf, Prosthetics

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Electrical stimulation of excitable cells--a model approach

Article Abstract:

Basic mathematical models of the quantitative response of excitable cells to electrical stimulation are developed. Electrical stimulation of such excitable tissue as nerve cells, muscle cells, and the heart has become a common clinical practice. This survey of current simulation models of cells, the transmembrane electrostimulation process and impacts, and the stimulation sources addresses four situations: a spherical cell in a uniform stimulation field, steady-state single fiber in the field of a point source, steady-state single fiber in a uniform field, and the excitation of bundles of nerve or muscle tissues. Details of and equations for the models are described.

Mathematical models, Nervous system, Neurophysiology, Applications, Impact Analysis, Scientific Research, Current Sources

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