Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging

Article Abstract:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has seen major advances in higher speed imaging, reduced scanning time, improved spatial resolution, clinical cardiovascular imaging, techniques and instrumentation, and acceptance by the medical community. Consequently, the MRI market has grown to a projected $600 million in 1988, and commercial MRI vendors are investing heavily in research and development. MRI involves image generation of internal portions of patients or objects through the spatial encoding of scanned electromagnetic radiation induced by the transverse magnetization of protons at the Larmor Frequency. High-speed imaging advances include improved echo planar imaging, fast limited-angle shot imaging, and MR fluoroscopy. MRI researchers are utilizing three-dimensional Fourier transform methods for improved spatial resolution. Details of these and other MRI research and development are described.

Magnetic devices, Trends, Methods, Image Reconstruction

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High resolution intravascular imaging via ultrasonic catheters: proof of concept

Article Abstract:

A prototype, small aperture ultrasonic imaging catheter (UIC) is developed that demonstrates the feasibility of generating high-resolution, diagnostic-quality intravascular images with minimally invasive UICs. A UIC would enable the thorough examination of the complete vessel wall for such factors as disease, calcification, roughness, and scarring. An in vitro human arterial specimen was scanned with the UIC and a magnetic resonance imager, and resulting images compared well to each other and to a pathological examination of the vessel tissue. The 2mm diameter prototype system is far too large for clinical applications, and tradeoffs of signal-to-noise ratios, resolution, signal power, position decoding, the choice of manual or real-time scanning, and system complexity will have to be addressed in the development of a clinical UIC system.

Diagnostic Equipment, High Resolution

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Multidimensional ultrasonic imaging for cardiology

Article Abstract:

One in vivo and two in vitro experiments in three-dimensional echocardiographic (EC)--ultrasonic--imaging demonstrate that acoustic backscatter volumetric data produces useful information about the surface physical state and functioning of cardiac tissue in in vitro situations and, combined with endocardial surface display, of the in vivo heart. 3D EC imaging requires at least 50 layered 2D views. The Mayo Clinic-developed ANALYZE II interactive image analysis system is used to extract the 3D image from the 2D data. It is concluded that 3D EC imaging offers great clinical promise, including such benefits as improved diagnosis, improved communication to other physicians, and improved measurement accuracy.

Heart, Three dimensional graphics, Three-Dimensional Graphics, Medical Diagnosis

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