Spacecraft electronics design for radiation tolerance

Article Abstract:

Design of spacecraft electronics for radiation tolerance requires an understanding of the space radiation environment, the effects and design alternatives and methodologies for creating radiation hard devices. The space radiation environment primarily consists of radiation belts, solar flare output and cosmic rays. Radiation effects on solid state devices include ionization, displacement and nuclear interactions. Long term effects on circuits include loss of speed, noise and increased power consumption in digital devices; gain reduction, bias shifts, and loss of stability in analog devices; and failure. Transient effects may be global or local and may include logic state changes, burn outs and latchup. Design methods include avoidance, hardening, implementing fault tolerance and single-event upset tolerance and testing.

Electronics, Reliability (Trustworthiness), Radiation, Reliability, On-Board Systems, Semiconductor Preparation, Failure Prediction, Tolerance, technical, Ruggedized Systems

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Manned spacecraft electrical power systems

Article Abstract:

Electrical power requirements increase with every phase of the space program, and new technologies are developed to meet those requirements. Power systems are unique to each type of space vehicle in magnitude and other respects. Designers of the space shuttle must meet the challenges of reusability, while the space station must incorporate the requirements of very long life and-or on-orbit repair or replacement ability. The strategies of meeting these demands are products of early predevelopment programs focused on particular technologies. Aspects of the space shuttle advanced development program are discussed, including challenges, solutions, verification, and results or missions.

Power Systems

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Manned spacecraft automation and robotics

Article Abstract:

The Space Station may become an example of the advancements in automation and robotics (A & R) technology. The benefits of advanced A & R systems in the Space Station include increased productivity, lower cost, and more flexibility and innovation for the astronauts. Certain space environment tasks cannot or should not be performed by humans, and freeing them from repetitive tasks will allow better use of their resources. The A & R technology employed in the Space Shuttle, and the proposed knowledge-based Space Station monitoring, control, fault-diagnosis, and telerobotic systems are discussed.

Space research and technology, Automation, Robots, Computer Systems, United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration

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