Deep Versus Compiled Knowledge Approaches to Diagnostic Problem-Solving

Article Abstract:

Most expert systems are surface systems which use a collection of pattern-action rules. Deep systems, while not well-defined, use first principles methods of reasoning. Medical diagnostic expert systems which use a compiled knowledge approach to problem solving are considered. It is argued that with a body of underlying knowledge revelent to a particular domain, it is possible to create a problem solving structure with the underlying knowledge compiled into it. The need for accessing the underlying structure is then not necessary. The medical system MDX illustrates such a diagnostic structure.

Problem solving, Knowledge-based systems, Medical Diagnosis, Knowledge-Based System, Diagnostics, Rule-Based System

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Detour Routs to Usability: A Comparison of Alternative Approaches to Multipurpose Software Design

Article Abstract:

A major issue of system design is the interaction between the user and the system. Sometimes having the system meet the user's specification may result in cumbersome, inefficient programs. Reinterpretation of the user's problem may result in more efficient system useage with some degree of user retraining. A study of two software packages designed for the same application by casual users indicate that some detours in design concepts may enhance resulting systems. A need for a way to evaluate alternative designs of initial concepts is indicated.

Ergonomics, End users, User Need, Interactive Systems, User Interface, User-Friendliness, Parameters, User interfaces (Computers)

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Expert Systems: An Alternative Paradigm

Article Abstract:

Understanding is enhanced by expert systems' providing relevant information and assistance in making predictions of outcomes. An alternative approach, using discovery learning, is explored as a way to design expert systems. Three questions are given - why does the user seek help, is there a best way to handle a given problem, and how can the user's skills be improved? - to go from a guidance system to an advisory one. 'MINDPAD', a prototype guidance system, is presented.

Computer games, Artificial intelligence, Information systems, Computer Game

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