Colbert's sewing machine

Article Abstract:

The French government became involved in industry in the 17th century, and the influene of Jean-Baptiste Colbert was important in shaping French policy. Colbert argued that France should seek to develop its industry to save on imports, which he saw as a drain on France. State factories were set up with strict discipline as well as incentives to retain craftsmen. Japan and Russia also tried state intervention, as did Italy when the Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale was set up in 1933. There was a trend toward nationalization after 1945 in Britain, France, and many developing economies, a trend that was reversed by privatizations from 1980.

History, Industrial policy, Government business enterprises, Public enterprises

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November bull-running in Stamford, Lincolnshire

Article Abstract:

The November bull-running event of Stamford, Lincolnshire is of considerable antiquity and perhaps dates back to the medieval times. Various theories of its origins range from 14th century Martinmas celebrations to ancient Roman, Danish and even Celtic customs. The event had plenty of carnivalesque features common to other cultures, that can be judged from its associations with mating and fertility. One particular feature of the carnival was the bull-woman. The event was withdrawn following a series of agitations by animals rights activists in the early 1830s.

Ethical aspects, Fairs and festivals, Lincolnshire, England, Origin, Carnivals, Carnivals (Amusements), Running the bulls

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Have you got form?

Article Abstract:

Electrical contractors' representatives are devising model documentation which contractors can use when signing off a project. The first models available cover work in industries including telecommunications, process control and systems integration. The documentation comprises a certificate related to the supply of control panels, a certificate for completion and handover, and a schedule of test results on data and telecommunications networks. Advice on the completion of these documents is presented.

Records and correspondence, Electricians

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