Nitric oxide - from pollutant to product

Article Abstract:

Nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen monooxide, known as a pollutant, has been made into a practical medical treatment by Nobel Prize-winning research. Called INOmax (Nitric Oxide) for Inhalation and marketed by INO Therapeutics Inc. (Clinton, NJ) it can increase blood flow through the lungs in newborns and is the first gas, not a volatile liquid, approved as a drug product. A metering delivery system was developed for it. Topics include discovering the benefits of NO, NO in the body, research on inhaled NO, commercial NO development, and complications from the sale of the developing group, in the pharmaceutical/medical divisions of Ohmeda, by BOC to Instumentarium (Helsinki), to become Datex-Ohmeda, and finally to AGA, which has the company as a stand-along subsidiary. The effects of NO are listed for lungs, heart, shock, cancer, Alzneimer's disease, impotence, and in diagnostic analyses. It acts as a messenger in the body in the conversion of GTP to cGMP. The 1998 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine went to Robert F Furchigott, Louis J. Ignarro, and Ferid Murad for NO research.

United Kingdom, Finland, Pharmaceutical industry, Mergers, acquisitions and divestments, Investments, Investigations, Physiological aspects, Environmental aspects, Heart diseases, Impotence, Alzheimer's disease, Drug delivery systems, Nitric oxide, Neonatology, Endothelium, Lung diseases, Materials, Nitrates, Blood vessels, Anti-Alzheimer's disease agents, Nitroglycerin, Respiratory therapy, Shock, Vasodilation, Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, Massachusetts), INO Therapeutics Inc., BOC Gases, Instrumentarium Corp., Ohmeda Inc., Datex-Ohmeda Inc., AGA Healthcare, INOmax (Medication)

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Teaching old platinum compounds new tricks

Article Abstract:

Platinum salts, the active ingredients in cisplatin, which is important in treatment of several cancers, were the original chemicals used in photography. They have been known since 1845, but it was study by Barnett Rosenberg, prompted by curiosity, and his team at Michigan State that bought a powerful new drug from an old compound. In the ensuing 40 years much research has been done to help understand how cisplatin works to get rid of cancer cells. Topics include the effect on mammalian cells, the mechanism of action, combination chemotherapy, analogues of cisplatin, and unexpected discoveries in science. New medical uses of what is known may be as important as new chemicals.

Social aspects, Research, Behavior, Chemists, Antineoplastic agents, Photographic chemicals, Chemical research, Platinum compounds, Pharmaceutical research, Curiosity, Cisplatin, Rosenberg, Barnett

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From raw sugar to raw materials

Article Abstract:

Researchers of the Audubon Sugar Inst. at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, look at sugar, blackstrap molasses, bagasse, and solids, or filter mud, that are left after refining, and see raw materials for a variety of value-added products, among them a number os chemicals. The process of refining sugar from cane is discussed, followed by discussion of alternative uses and uses for byproducts. Louisiana Rum Co. is also discussed.

Louisiana, Analysis, Innovations, Practice, Alcoholic beverage industry, Buildings and facilities, Sugar, Waste management, Chemistry, Waste products, Rum (Liquor), Bagasse, Molasses, Sugarcane, Sugar refining, Audubon Sugar Institute, Louisiana Rum Co.

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