Changing environments or shifting paradigms? Strategic decision making toward water protection in Helsinki, 1850-2000

Article Abstract:

The study focuses and investigates five major strategic decisions taken or planned for water protection in Helsinki in the time period of 1850 to 2000, including many long-term policy cycles caused by changing environments and shifting paradigms. The analysis reveals that the paradigms have the ability of being defined as scientific, as well as the social, political and cultural agreements depending on the context that makes it extremely beneficial in making such policies.

Legal issues & crime, Government regulation (cont), Government regulation, Management dynamics, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Water Pollution Control, Legal/Government Regulation, Water Resources-Total Govt, Administration of Environmental Quality Programs, Water Management, Management, Evaluation, Laws, regulations and rules, Water, Company business management, Water resource management, Report, Ecopolitics

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Plankton communities in the Neva Bay during the 20th century

Article Abstract:

An analysis is presented on plankton populations of Neva Bay in the Gulf of Finland, a small segment of the Baltic Sea. Studies between 1911 and 1990 show that freshwater plankton were the dominant species. Rapid flowthrough and high turbidity were found to limit algal production, and eutrophication was primarily found in the larger Gulf region.

Gulf of Finland, Freshwater algae

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The history of eutrophication in the sea area of Helsinki in the 20th century: long-term analysis of plankton assemblages

Article Abstract:

Research on the Helsinki region of the Baltic Sea indicates that eutrophication levels, indicated by plankton assemblages, surged at the turn of the 20th century, but have since been lowered by improved wastewater treatment efficiency and sea outfall introduction.

Prevention, Water pollution

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