Carbon taxes with exemptions in an open economy: a general equilibrium analysis of the German tax initiative

Article Abstract:

The welfare costs of exemptions in environmental policy may be evaluated along with the issue of unilateral carbon taxes in an open economy. It has been observed that several CO2 taxation schemes may encompass exemptions for energy-and export-intensive industries in order to formulate a compromise between environmental objectives and employment in the said sectors. Under the framework of a static general equilibrium model for West Germany calibrated to 1990 data, it has been shown that such compromises are costly, due to the fact that the dead-weight loss increases as tax base narrows.

Tax Law, Public Finance Activities, International Affairs, Intnl Environmental Law, Germany, Tax policy, Environmental law, Regulatory compliance costs, International environmental law

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Production, consumption, and general equilibrium with physical constraints

Article Abstract:

Integrating the conservation laws of mass and energy with microeconomic models of production, consumption and general equilibrium, that have certain consequences, are examined. A method for integrating these laws with static microeconomics models, with minimum changes, is presented.

Models, Microeconomics, Conservation laws (Physics)

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The environment as a factor of production

Article Abstract:

The effects of pollution permits on firm's productivity and capital investments are presented.

Forecasts, trends, outlooks, Management dynamics, Management, Forecasts and trends, Environmental aspects, Market trend/market analysis, Capital investments, Emissions credit trading, Emissions trading, Company business management, Environmental permits, Capital investment

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