Approved pharmacologic interventions for wasting: an overview and lessons learned

Article Abstract:

A review of critical trials performed on four approved pharmacologic agents for the treatment of wasting, namely, oxandrolone, dronabinol, megestrol acetate and growth hormone, is presented. Oxandrolone is a an anabolic steroid while dronabinol is an orally active canniboid. On the other hand, megestrol acetate is a synthetic progeterone derivative. While the inclusion of other more descriptive endpoints, such as body composition, functional endpoints of strength and quality of life, shows the significance of these treatments, the finding of a prespecified primary endpoint in a well-designed randomized trial is critical.

Drugs, Testing, Drug therapy, Weight loss

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The use of pharmacologic agents to study mechanisms of intestinal calcium transport

Article Abstract:

The use of compounds inhibiting calcium transport and chemicals that influence particular processes in calcium uptake can have important implications in the study of calcium absorption dynamics. Inhibition of selected steps in the calcium transport process can be used in the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in calcium absorption and transportation. Glucocorticoids, acidosis, vitamin D deficiency, theophylline, quinacrine, chloroquine and ammonium chloride are known to deter various steps in the calcium uptake. The use of these chemicals can have pertinent applications in the study of calcium absorption kinetics.

Chemicals, Physiological aspects, Calcium channel blockers

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Varying levels of manganese and iron affect absorption and gut endogenous losses of manganese by rats

Article Abstract:

The effect of combined manganese and iron on gut absorption and endogenous loss of manganeses was studied by feeding rats different levels of both minerals. The results showed that manganese homeostasis was maintained mostly by gut absorption and not by endogenous losses. The affinity was also inversely related to levels of manganese in the blood. The incorporation of iron caused diminished absorption and retention of manganese in rat tissues either by interfering in uptake, carrier transport or excretion. Gut endogenous losses of manganese remained constant at 8% regardless of variations in intake.

Animal nutrition, Manganese (Nutrient), Manganese in animal nutrition

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