Benefits and risks of estrogen replacement therapy

Article Abstract:

Physicians may provide information to their postmenopausal patients who are deciding whether to take estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). The benefits of ERT include preventing cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. ERT can treat uncomfortable hot flushes and atrophy of the genitals occurring with menopause. The risks of ERT include an increase in the risk of breast cancer and cancer of the lining of the uterus (endometrium). Endometrial cancer is a slow growing cancer, however, and may not result in death. The addition of progestin to the ERT may reduce the risk of these cancers. Estrogen may possibly reduce the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease. Women may need to be encouraged to continue ERT, as it may be most beneficial when taken for 15 years or more.

Evaluation, Hormone therapy, Estrogen, Estrogens

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Insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome and the measurements of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and ghrelin

Article Abstract:

A study is conducted to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) in post menopausal women with metabolic syndrome and whether the adipocyte factors, adiponectin, leptin, and resistin are associated with cardiovascular risk. It is found that the obesity is principally responsible for the IR of post menopausal women and abnormal adipocytokine secretion can enhance IR and increased cardiovascular risk in post menopausal women.

Cardiovascular diseases, Causes of, Risk factors, Insulin resistance, Metabolic syndrome X

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Does metformin induce ovulation in normoandrogenic anovulatory women?

Article Abstract:

The efficacy of metformin in women with anovulation who do not have evidence for hyperandrogenism and classic polycystic ovary syndrome was evaluated in a study. It is concluded that metformin may be useful for inducing ovulation in anovulatory women who do not have hyperandrogenism, an effect that may be independent of a lowering of androgen or insulin levels.

Drug therapy, Dosage and administration, Metformin, Anovulation

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