CNTF reverses obesity-induced insulin resistance by activating skeletal muscle AMPK

Article Abstract:

A study demonstrates that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) signals through the CNTFR alpha-IL-6R-gp130Beta receptor complex to increase fatty-acid oxidation and reduce insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), independent of signaling through the brain. Results show that the antiobesogenic effects of CNTF in the periphery result from direct effects on skeletal muscle, and that these peripheral effects are not suppressed by diet-induced or genetic models of obesity.

Protein kinases, Biological oxidation (Metabolism)

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Hepatic expression of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase reverses muscle, liver and whole-animal insulin resistance

Article Abstract:

Rats, which fed on a high-fat diet, whole-animal, muscle and liver insulin resistance is ameliorated following hepatic over expression of malonyl-coenzyme A (COA) decarboxylase (MCD), an enzyme that affects lipid partioning. The best explanation of the findings is that hepatic expression of MCD lowered circulating FFA levels, which led to lowering of muscle beta-OH butyrate levels and improvement of insulin sensitivity.

Health aspects, Ketogenic diet, High fat diet

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Deletion of Gab1 in the liver leads to enhanced glucose tolerance and improved hepatic insulin action

Article Abstract:

A study shows that Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1), despite its structural similarity to insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, is a negative modulator of hepatic insulin action. The liver-specific Gab1 knockout (LGKO) mice shows enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity with reduced glycemia and improved glucose tolerance.

Insulin, Insulin receptors, Glucose intolerance

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