Changes in energy expenditure resulting from altered body weight

Article Abstract:

The human body appears to alter its energy use to compensate for weight loss or weight gain. Researchers measured caloric intake and energy expenditure in 18 obese and 23 nonobese people while they consumed a liquid formula that allowed them to maintain a constant weight and again while they ate diets that caused them to gain or lose 10% of their usual weight. When their body weight had fallen by 10%, the obese people burned an average of eight kilocalories per kilogram (kcal/kg) less and the non-obese people burned an average of six kcal/kg less. Obese people who gained 10% of their body weight burned an average of eight kcal/kg more and non-obese people burned an average of nine kcal/kg more. Changes in energy expenditure at rest were most affected by weight loss or gain. These metabolic changes may make it harder for people to maintain a reduced body weight after dieting.

Measurement, Weight loss, Weight gain

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Obesity

Article Abstract:

Obesity affects about one-third of all adults in America and is very difficult to treat. Obesity is linked to a higher risk of stroke, coronary artery disease and diabetes. The amount of fat in the body is determined by food intake and energy expenditure. The storage of calories as fat is a very complex activity that can be affected by many hormones including insulin, cholecystokinin, glucocorticoids, thyroid and growth hormones and androgens. Obesity has a strong genetic component. Many diet pills are not effective in taking weight off and keeping it off. Dieting and physical exercise are probably the only effective treatments.

Analysis, Obesity, Metabolic regulation

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The role of leptin in human physiology

Article Abstract:

The hormone leptin appears to conserve fat and therefore energy storage. The word leptin comes from the Greek word for thin, implying that the hormone decreases fat and therefore can be used to promote weight loss.. However, it seems more likely that it conserves fat rather than decreasing it. The hormone is produced by fat tissue and interacts with its receptor in the hypothalamus in the brain. A 1999 study found that injections of recombinant leptin were effective in treating an obese child.

Editorial, Leptin, Fat metabolism

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