Evaluation of immune activation in HIV-infected and uninfected African individuals by single-cell analysis of cytokine production

Article Abstract:

Evaluation of immune activation has been carried out in HIV-infected/uninfected rural African people by single-cell analysis of cytokine production. Findings show that mitogen (M)-stimulated production of interleukin (IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha increases in CD4 and CD8 cells of those studied. Also env-stimulated IL-10 and TNF-alpha production is raised in CD8+ T lymphocytes of African HIV-infected patients. For 'env' bp160 peptides + staphylococcal enterotoxin B and alpha CD28 were used. Immune activation has been seen in HIV-infected/uninfected Africans, in whom it is thought to modify interaction between the immune system and HIV.

Italy, Uganda, Physiological aspects, Immunity, Immunity (Physiology), AIDS (Disease), Cytokines, AIDS research

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Alpha-defensins in the prevention of HIV transmission among breastfed infants

Article Abstract:

A nested case-control study of 32 HIV-positive women who transmitted HIV to their infants and 52 randomly selected HIV-positive women who did not transmit HIV to their infants is conducted in Lusaka, Zambia, where alpha-defensins are detected in most of the milk samples tested. It is suggested that there may be a role for alpha-defensins in prevention of HIV transmission to breastfed infants.

Zambia, Health aspects, Case studies, Prevention, Infants, HIV infection in children, Pediatric HIV infections

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Human alpha defensin in HIV-exposed but uninfected individuals

Article Abstract:

Studies show that alpha defensin are capable of inhibiting the infection of host cells by HIV and that the production of these peptides is higher in CD8 (super +) T lymphocytes of HIV-infected LTNPs. The production of alpha defensin is seen in HIV-exposed uninfected individual and plays a role in the potentially protective immune response that characterizes (exposed uninfected) ESNs.

United States, Science & research, T cells

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