The double burden of HIV infection and tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa

Article Abstract:

Cooperation between governments, pharmaceutical companies and international relief agencies will be needed to ensure that HIV-infected people in sub-Saharan Africa have access to antituberculosis drugs. Sub-Saharan Africa contains 65% of all HIV-infected patients worldwide and about 75% of those also infected with tuberculosis live in Africa. A 1997 study found that three to six months of antituberculosis treatment substantially reduced the risk of active tuberculosis in HIV patients with a positive tuberculin skin test. However, the drugs are not cheap and many HIV-infected Africans are poor.

Care and treatment, Editorial, HIV patients, Tuberculosis, Africans, Sub-Saharan Africa

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Fluid intake and the risk of bladder cancer in men

Article Abstract:

Drinking plenty of fluids every day may reduce the risk of bladder cancer. High fluid intakes would dilute the urine in the bladder, lowering the concentration of potential carcinogens. Researchers analyzed the development of bladder cancer in 47,909 male health professionals who completed a dietary survey in 1986. During the next ten years, 252 men developed bladder cancer. Men who drank 10 or more 8-ounce glasses of fluid every day had half the risk of bladder cancer than men who drank 5 or fewer glasses per day. The risk of bladder cancer was reduced 7% for every extra glass of fluid drunk.

Risk factors, Fluids, Bladder cancer

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Vitamins and perinatal outcomes among HIV-negative women in Tanzania

Article Abstract:

A double-blind trial in Tanzania randomly assigned pregnant women who were negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to receive daily multivitamins or placebo. Findings reveal that multivitamin supplementation reduced the incidence of low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age births but had no significant effects on prematurity or fetal death, indicating that multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries.

Tanzania, Diagnosis, HIV infection, HIV infections, Pregnant women

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