Inhaled nitric oxide in full-term and nearly full-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure

Article Abstract:

Nitric oxide appears to lessen the effects of hypoxic respiratory failure in newborn infants. This condition of reduced oxygen supply to the lungs sometimes occurs in newborn infants. Researchers tested the effect of nitric oxide in 114 infants with hypoxic respiratory failure. Nitric oxide can dilate blood vessels in the lungs, thus increasing the oxygen supply. A control group of 121 infants received 100% oxygen. Mortality rates were similar in both groups but the infants receiving nitric oxide had significantly increased blood oxygen levels and were less likely to need extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Physiological aspects, Infants (Newborn), Newborn infants, Hypoxia, Anoxia, Respiratory insufficiency, Pediatric respiratory diseases, Respiratory insufficiency in children

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Low-dose nitric oxide therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

Article Abstract:

Inhaled nitric oxide may be beneficial in babies with pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the lungs. Researchers randomly assigned 248 babies with pulmonary hypertension to receive inhaled nitric oxide or a placebo. Nitric oxide causes blood vessels to dilate. Only 38% of the babies who received nitric oxide required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation compared to 64% of the placebo group. Only 7% of the babies who received nitric oxide developed chronic lung disease compared to 20% of the placebo group.

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Neonatal pulmonary hypertension: urea-cycle intermediates, nitric oxide production, and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase function

Article Abstract:

A deficiency of arginine and nitic oxide may cause persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborn babies. Arginine is the precursor of nitric oxide and is produced in the series of enzymatic reactions that create urea. These babies may have a defect in urea production.

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