Quantitation of muscle glycogen synthesis in normal subjects and subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Article Abstract:

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is characterized by abnormalities in the release of insulin from the pancreas and by insulin resistance, the decreased sensitivity of the tissues to insulin. The tissue responsible for most of the insulin resistance is the muscle. Under normal conditions, glucose taken up into muscle is normally stored in the form of the glucose compound glycogen. It is not clear how the production of muscle glycogen for the storage of glucose is affected in NIDDM. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, a technique in which electromagnetic energy is used to measure the rates of glycogen production in response to changes in the blood levels of glucose and insulin, was used in the calf muscles of five patients with NIDDM and six healthy subjects. Glycogen production, the uptake of glucose into the muscle, and glucose metabolism were lower in muscles of diabetic patients than in those of normal subjects. The results show that most of the glucose taken up into muscle is stored as glycogen in both normal and diabetic subjects, and that abnormalities in glycogen production are responsible to a large extent for the insulin resistance of muscle in NIDDM. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Usage, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Glycogen metabolism, Glycogenolysis

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Increased glucose transport-phosphorylation and muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise training in insulin-resistant subjects

Article Abstract:

Regular aerobic exercise may increase insulin sensitivity in normal people and in children of diabetics. Insulin-stimulated muscle glycogen synthesis doubled in both eight healthy adults and 10 adult children of people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus after completing a six-week training program. This improvement was a reversed defect of insulin-stimulated glucose transport-phosphorylation, observed soon after initial training. The offspring of diabetic parents had 63% lower initial values of muscle glycogen synthesis than their healthy counterparts. Overall insulin secretion remained lower among the offspring compared to the healthy group.

Research, Genetic aspects, Aerobic exercises, Phosphorylation

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Impaired glucose transport as a cause of decreased insulin-stimulated muscle glycogen synthesis in type 2 diabetes

Article Abstract:

Impaired transport of blood sugar into muscle cells appears to be responsible for insulin resistance in people with type 2, or adult-onset, diabetes. Insulin resistance means that insulin does not stimulate the metabolism of blood sugar inside the muscle cell as it normally does in a person without diabetes. In a study of seven healthy people and six people with type 2 diabetes, the rate of blood sugar metabolism in muscle cells was 80% lower than in the healthy people. This appeared to be a result of decreased transport of blood sugar into the cell rather than a defect in the activity of enzymes involved in sugar metabolism.

Statistical Data Included, Abnormalities, Causes of

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