Shoulder dystocia: an analysis of risks and obstetric maneuvers

Article Abstract:

Risk factors associated with a complication of labor known as shoulder dystocia include high birth weight and the previous delivery of a high birth weight infant. Shoulder dystocia occurs when an infant's shoulders require manipulation in order for delivery to be completed. Analysis of 204 medical charts which indicated shoulder dystocia or neonatal injury and 19 charts of infants who had a neonatal injury but were not coded for shoulder dystocia were compared with a randomly selected group of 1,094 maternal and infant charts. Babies who weighed more than 4000 grams were more likely to encounter shoulder dystocia. Maternal obesity was present in 38.3% of the mothers in the charts coded for shoulder dystocia. Infants who had shoulder dystocia were more likely to be born during weeks 37 to 39 of gestation. There was a total of 17 different maneuvers used to deliver infants with shoulder dystocia but no one method produced more injuries than another.

Health aspects, Labor, Complicated, Labor complications

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The relationship of fetal position and ethnicity with shoulder dystocia and birth injury

Article Abstract:

The factors associated with the occurrence of shoulder dystocia and subsequent perinatal outcomes are examined. The results have shown that African American women have an increased risk of shoulder dystocia and although occiput posterior position has a protective effect for shoulder dystocia, the risk of brachial plexus injury is increased in the setting of a persistent occiput posterior delivery.

Care and treatment, Women, Women's health, Birth injuries, Clinical report

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How to predict recurrent shoulder dystocia

Article Abstract:

Pregnant women who have had a previous episode of shoulder dystocia or who have a larger than normal baby have the highest risk of a recurrent episode of shoulder dystocia. Should dystocia is the medical term for a difficult delivery because the baby's shoulders are too big to come through.

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