Strategies for limiting the spread of HIV in developing countries: conclusions based on studies of the dynamics of the virus

Article Abstract:

The spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be reduced by using strategies to change sexual behavior and methods that cut the chances of transmission. A mathematical model of a hypothetical sub-Saharan African country is presented. Increased usage of condoms, reduction in sexual activity and sexual partners, and risk awareness are among the factors that reduce the probability of HIV transmission. The probability of transmission is greatest during the first few unprotected sexual acts of penile-vaginal contact. Interventions appear to be cost effective, but benefits depend on the rate of transmission in a community and stage of HIV prevalence. The timing of the intervention is important in reducing the spread of HIV.

Health aspects, Developing countries

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Human immunodeficiency virus transmission and the role of other sexually transmitted diseases: measures of association and study design

Article Abstract:

Certain statistical measurements relating sexually transmitted disease (STD) exposure to HIV infection may not be well defined and may overestimate or underestimate the relationship. The prevalence ratio was likely to overestimate the relationship between STDs and HIV, while the cumulative incidence ratio and the hazard rate ratio both overestimated and underestimated the relationship in studies done over a period of time. Studies tend to use female prostitutes and their male clients to measure the correlation between STDs and HIV. Better measures of sexual activity and STD infectivity are needed.

Sexually transmitted diseases, Complications and side effects

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Straegies for universalistic and targeted HIV prevention

Article Abstract:

The authors address the controversy between choosing "targeted" prevention programs against AIDS versus "universal" ones. They present a method of integrating the two approaches and, while not claiming ability to prevent all new cases, believe they can improve the reach of programs.

Statistical Data Included

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