The influence of diet on the appearance of new lesions in human coronary arteries

Article Abstract:

The Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study (CLAS) examined the effect of a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet on the formation of new lesions (plaques) in the coronary arteries. The subjects were nonsmoking men, aged 40 to 59 years, who had previously undergone coronary bypass surgery as a treatment for atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by occlusions (blockages) in the arteries that bring blood to the heart muscle. In this surgery, the occluded coronary arteries are bypassed by means of blood vessels that are in better condition, which have been taken from the leg or chest and grafted onto the heart in locations where they can take over the function of the blocked vessels. Sixty-four men were examined when they entered the study and again two years later; at each time the condition of the coronary arteries was visualized using a coronary angiography, an X-ray imaging procedure. During the intervening two years they received dietary counseling to teach them to follow a diet with no more than 26 percent of calories from fat, and composed of 5 percent of calories from saturated fat and 10 percent each from polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat. The goal for cholesterol intake was less than 250 mg per day. The adherence of subjects to this regimen was measured twice, at one year and two years after enrollment; each time intake from one day was analyzed. Most subjects (all but 18) did not develop new lesions. Dietary data showed that higher consumption of total fat and polyunsaturated fat was linked to an increase in risk of forming new atherosclerotic lesions. Those subjects who did not develop new lesions ate more protein while reducing fat, by choosing low-fat meats and dairy foods instead of high-fat meats and dairy foods. The best dietary approach appears to be reducing total and saturated fat, but rather than substituting monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats to maintain the same caloric intake, increasing protein and carbohydrate consumption. The subjects in this study selected their own diets, with guidance, and the regimen was not too strict to be followed by many people as a means of preventing atherosclerotic lesions. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Evaluation, Prevention, Coronary heart disease, Low-fat diet, Low fat diet, Low-cholesterol diet, Low cholesterol diet, Atherosclerosis, Diet therapy, Arterial occlusions, Arterial occlusive diseases

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Large-Core Needle Biopsy of Nonpalpable Breast Lesions

Article Abstract:

Large-core needle biopsy (LCNB) appears to be an effective alternative to surgery to biopsy suspicious breast abnormalities found on a mammogram. The widespread use of mammography has identified many lesions that cannot be felt. In a study of 1,643 women who received LCNB, 1,836 breast abnormalities were biopsied and 22% were found to be malignant. Repeat biopsies identified an additional 32 malignancies, bringing the total to 24%. There were few complications from the procedure.

Breast cancer, Breast, Breast biopsy

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Update on genital lesions

Article Abstract:

The diagnosis and treatment of genital sores is reviewed. Topics include sexually transmitted diseases, other genital infections, inflammatory dermatoses, multisystem diseases, trauma, exogenous factors, and tumors. Except for lichen planus, most genital sores look the same in men and women.

Care and treatment, Genital diseases, Male, Male genital diseases, Genital diseases, Female, Female genital diseases

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