From simple crops to complex ecosystems: agricultural research and the environmental imperative

Article Abstract:

The International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) was initially founded to conduct research consistent with the 'linear' model of innovation in a bid to promote agricultural improvement in Latin America. However, to better allow itself to address concerns regarding the sustainability of agricultural production, CIAT underwent changes in the way it has been conducting research by operating at a level of complexity higher than that of the discrete commodity. As these changes were found to oppose some of the prescriptions of the 'linear' model, CIAT's professional practice began to lean more towards R Rothwell's 'fifth generation' model of innovation.

Agriculture, Environmental aspects, Associations, Sustainable agriculture, Agricultural research

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Application of a mathematical calculation model to reduce slaughterhouse (water) pollution in developing countries

Article Abstract:

A mathematical model that can be used to reduce water pollution levels at a slaughterhouse for pigs is presented. The model, which can be used to generate an arbitrary slaughterhouse that will serve as a reference point for pollution reduction plans, takes into consideration factors such as process water production, processing routes and wastewater treatments. Application of the model, which was developed using data from Dutch slaughterhouses, reveals that feeding sterilized sludge to pigs may be more profitable than destroying it.

Animal Slaughtering and Processing, Meat Products, Whole Carcass Pork, Usage, Pork, Developing countries, Food and nutrition, Mathematical models, Pollution, Swine, Waste management, Water pollution, Slaughtering and slaughter-houses, Slaughterhouses, Swine carcasses

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Competence building in complex systems in the developing countries: the case of satellite building in India

Article Abstract:

This paper studies India since 1975 and its high level of capabilities in building world class remote sensing and communication satellites.

India, Telecommunications services industry, Telecommunications industry

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