The emergence of the real-time computer reservation system as a competitive weapon in the U.S. airline industry 1958-1989. A paper on strategic innovation

Article Abstract:

US airlines started to computerize their reservations systems in 1958. The technological innovations which were utilized in developing reservations systems were advances in the technology streams of computers, communications and television monitor. The first Computerized Reservation Systems (CRS) were jointly developed by American Airlines (AA) and IBM after five years of research. The competitive advantages gained by AA were matched by CRS innovations of other major airlines. CRS development is an example of strategic innovation which revolutionized the operations of an industry.

Air transportation, scheduled, Industry Overview, Usage, Software, History, Airlines, Strategic planning (Business), Reservation systems

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Gains and pains from licensing - patent portfolios as strategic weapons in the cardiac rhythm management industry

Article Abstract:

Strong patent-portfolios can help players in the cardiac rhythm management industry to be more competitive. This is evident in the case of Medtronic Inc. which was successful in its patent litigations against such competitors as Siemens-Pacetter Inc., the pacemaker unit acquired by St. Jude Medical Inc. from Siemens AG. Unlike Medtronic, St. Jude Medical had a weak patent position and its high investments on its acquisition efforts greatly affected its financial revenue.

Electromedical and Electrotherapeutic Apparatus Manufacturing, Electromedical equipment, Pacemakers, Cases, Mergers, acquisitions and divestments, Intellectual property, Medical equipment and supplies industry, Medical equipment industry, Siemens AG, Patents, Medtronic Inc., St. Jude Medical Inc., MDT, STJM, Siemens-Pacetter Inc.

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