Building safety: the role of construction unions in the enforcement of OSHA

Article Abstract:

Because unionized workers are more likely to exercise their rights under OSHA, it is hypothesized that OSHA is more stringently enforced at unionized construction workplaces than at comparable nonunion workplaces. A comparison of OSHA enforcement in union and nonunion construction sites demonstrates that union sites face higher probabilities of inspection and receive greater scrunity during inspections than do comparable nonunion sites. Further, union employers are required to correct violations of safety and health standards more quickly and bear higher overall penalty costs than their nonunion counterparts. As a result, the construction industry operates under a "two-tiered" safety and health regulatory system. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS, Regulation, admin. of utilities, Construction industry, Occupational health and safety, Occupational safety and health, United States. Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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Unions and innovative activity in Germany

Article Abstract:

This study is the first attempt to investigate the influence of unions on innovative activities in Germany at the industry level. Econometric models estimated by a highly robust method and submitted to a number of specification tests indicate that trade unions do not have a negative impact on innovative activity which is measured by either the percentage of revenues spent on R&D or the percentage of employees working in R&D. This finding is consistent with evidence on the influence of unions on productivity in Germany and with considerations about the German system of industrial relations. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Germany, Technological innovations

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