Armed and dangerous? The use of firearms in robbery

Article Abstract:

An analysis of London, England's police files for 1990 found that 73% of firearms used in armed robberies were either known or suspected to be capable of discharging lethal shot. Interviews with 88 of those convicted for armed robberies committed during that year, however, showed that only 33% of them carried weapons that were real, loaded and functional. The interviews also indicated that of the 67% of the armed robbers who did not use a real loaded firearm, most chose not to carry a lethal weapon because they either felt the crime did not require one or wanted to prevent bloodshed.

United Kingdom, Research, Usage, Firearms, Crime, Criminology, Robbery

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The emergence of the disciplinary welfare sanction in Hong Kong

Article Abstract:

Analysis of Hong Kong's disciplinary welfare sanction suggests class domination rather than criminal reform in court treatment of juvenile delinquents. Liberal critics contend that the juvenile justice system offers progressive social reform in a balance of criminal justice, punishment and welfare policies. This attitude fails to recognize the complexities involved in juvenile justice administration and class struggles.

Laws, regulations and rules, Hong Kong, Juvenile justice, Administration of, Administration of juvenile justice

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