The case law of the Court of Justice in the field of sex equality since 2000

Article Abstract:

The developments in EC sex equality law from 1 April 2000 to 4 October 2006 is examined, focusing on the case law of the European Court of Justice, along with one judgment of EFTA court by considering the changing legislative and constitutional context. The Equal Treatment Directive of 1976 (ETD) is amended by Directive 2002/73, which aimed at updating the ETD by introducing new features like acknowledgement of the need for proactive measures to combat discrimination, an explicit human rights foundation and new definitions of discrimination.

Government domestic functions, Social policy, European Union, Sex discrimination, Equal rights amendments

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The ever-longer arm of EC law: the extension of community competence into the field of criminal law

Article Abstract:

The article analyses the judgment of the court in Environmental Crimes and Ship Source Pollution and highlights the problems that the Community legislature will face if includes criminal sanctions in the EC legislation. Also inter-Pillar delimitation issues should not be limited to the community's competence.

Environmental protection, Offenses against the environment, Environmental crimes, Environmental issue

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Case C-148/02, Carlos Garcia Avello v. Etat Belge, judgment of the full court of 2 October 2003

Article Abstract:

The article argues that regardless of its private international law, member states of European Committee must acknowledge the personal status bestowed upon its citizen by another member state.

Interpretation and construction, Company legal issue, Cases, Discrimination, Citizenship, Case study

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