'The grand old game': football, media and identity in Scotland

Article Abstract:

An examination of professional soccer and its cultural impact in Scotland provides an instructive insight into how individual cultures are impacted by the globalization of sports. The development of Scottish football has always been greatly influenced by the Scottish nation's relationship to England and the United Kingdom as a whole. Instead of resulting in a cultural erosion, international football relationships have provided Scotland with a forum for expressing and even increasing the Scottish aspects of its culture. Disagreements between the professional Scottish football league and several satellite and terrestrial television broadcasters between 1993 and 1995 illustrate how the Scottish culture has resisted globalization.

Television Broadcasting, Television broadcasting stations, Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities, Sports Teams and Clubs, Sports clubs, managers, & promoters, Professional Soccer, Sociology, Social aspects, Television broadcasting industry, Scotland, Soccer, Television broadcasting of sports, Sports television programs

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The 'Sound of Music' country: Austria's cultural identity

Article Abstract:

Austria must adopt media policies to protect its indigenous culture. Austrian culture has consistently been overrun by American, British and German culture. The government has placed too much emphasis on linking culture to tourism. Lack of a developed cultural policy has led many Austrian artists and writers to look beyond their own borders for opportunity. An ideal policy would encourage small media outlets as the bearers of Austrian culture, assist cultural export and consider limiting foreign cultural incursion.

Austria, Social policy, Culture, Mass media policy

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Identity in feminist television criticism

Article Abstract:

Feminist criticism of TV has split into three stages, defined by the relationship between critics and audience. The transparent stage dominated the mid-1970s to mid-1980s, in which critic and audience were the same. The hegemonic stage dominated after the mid-1980s, in which critics were accepted into academia and the female TV audience was separate. The fragmented stage consists of feminist intellectuals with unrelated others.

Analysis, Feminist criticism, Television criticism

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