The strategy of trade sanctions in international environmental agreements

Article Abstract:

Analysis was conducted regarding the connection between the policies which help in providing a global public good and international trade in segmented markets. The practice of imposing trade sanctions have the potential to produce complete cooperation during the process of supplying the public good if a minimum participation clause is linked to such policies to coordinate government behavior. Participants in a self-enforcing international environmental agreement may not result to free-riding should the credibility of the policies be retained. These members might also find that sanctions should be linked to a minimum participation clause to generate incentives.

International Affairs, Regulation, Licensing, and Inspection of Miscellaneous Commercial Sectors, Intnl Environmental Law, Restraint of Trade, Research, Economic aspects, Economic sanctions, Sanctions (International law), Environmental policy, International environmental law, Environmental law, International

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Reconsidering the hedonic vs. RUM debate in the valuation of recreational environmental amenities

Article Abstract:

The effectiveness of the random utility method and the hedonic travel cost method in valuing the environmental amenities of recreational resources is compared. It is shown that the debate over which method is more appropriate stems from either improper application of the models or misinterpretations of the principles underlying them. Both methods have strengths and weaknesses that determine their effectiveness as valuation instruments.

Environmental Management, Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions, Outdoor Recreation, Models, Environmental aspects, Environmental impact analysis, Travel costs, Utility theory, Utility functions

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