Glutamate decarboxylases and autoimmunity in insulin-dependent diabetes

Article Abstract:

Pancreatic beta cells were found to express glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and to release GABA. Islet GABA acts on GABA(sub)A receptors on neighboring alpha cells and inhibit their secretion of glucagon. In insulin-independent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), autoantibodies were found to attack GAD using GAD65 and GAD67, which were expressed from bacterial systems. Antibodies to either GAD65 or GAD67 were detected in about 96% of patients at high risk for or at onset of IDDM. Research is being done to use the autoantibodies to GAD for predicting the prognosis of IDDM patients.

Usage, Type 1 diabetes, Glutamate decarboxylase, GABA

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More on the classification of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors: subclassification of CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors based on endogenous liquids

Article Abstract:

The classification of cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) receptors in the human lung by I. Gorenne and colleagues is misleading. While the authors base their classification on the category approved by the International Union of Pharmacology (IUPHAR), IUPHAR itself classifies CysLT receptors based on antagonist selectivity. CystLT1 are receptors blocked by classical antagonists and by BAYu9773, while CystLT2 are those blocked only by BAYu9773 and not by classical antagonists.

Lungs, Lung, Letter to the Editor, Leukotrienes

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Ionotropic glutamate receptors: new types and new concepts

Article Abstract:

Certain N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors found in the CNS which are not accommodated in the current concept of an isoform of NR1 plus one or two NR2 types in the molecule. A specific isoform of NR1 and an atypical non-NMDA type of subunit or an atypical NMDA type of subunit may be found in the structure. New subunits expressed in the CNS are lesser in number compared to the overall population of NMDA receptors.

Glutamate, Methyl aspartate, N-methyl-D-aspartate

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