Exporting labour services and market access commitments under GATS in the World Trade Organization: an analysis from the perspective of developing countries

Article Abstract:

National schedules of commitments in the General Agreement on Trade in Services from World Trade Organization member countries are investigated to analyze market access commitment covering movement of natural persons. The analysis is undertaken from the perspective of developing countries. Among the options identified for developing countries are to establish or strengthen bilateral or regional trading links with countries where the movement of natural persons as a mode of service delivery can be capitalized on and to push for a Multilateral Labor Treaty for accessing various sectors of global labor markets.

International aspects, Developing countries, International economic relations, World Trade Organization, Labor market, Open market operations

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GATS and the millennium round of multilateral negotiations: selected issues from the perspective of the developing countries

Article Abstract:

A study has been conducted to identify some of the major limitations of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and examined possible amendments which may be included in the next round of GATS talks. It has been observed by analysts that the flow of exports has been largely in one direction, that is, from the rich industrialized countries to the developing countries. There are no commensurate benefits to developing countries in the GATS, since developing countries are treated more as importers rather than exporters. Damage control measures have remained elusive for developing countries.

Administration of General Economic Programs, Trade Barriers, Trade Regulations NEC, Laws, regulations and rules, International trade regulation

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Multilateral negotiations and trade barriers in service trade: a case study of U.S. shipping services

Article Abstract:

Trade barriers are important factors in calculating the impact of foreign trade on domestic production or service. Some common measurements of protection include comparing world and domestic prices, effect on added value of input and output prices and domestic resource costs. These methods have drawbacks because they focus on prices or ignore the effects of policy. The producer subsidy equivalent method is presented as a method which measures as a monetary value the policies that aid or tax production or consumption. This method was developed using agriculture and is tested against US shipping.

Nontariff trade barriers, Tariffs, Free trade

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