Illusions about consolidation

Article Abstract:

New polyarchies are poorly consolidated, exhibiting mixes of republicanism, liberalism and democracy. A problematic area in polyarchies is the biased approach of political scientists in conceptualizing local institutions. Gross oversights regarding particularism and the important institutions of elections in nascent polyarchies leave the republican and liberal components weak. In India, particularism coexists in an uneasy balance with formal rules of the institutional package of polyarchy. A radical revision in the conceptual attitude towards polyarchies should clear a lot of misconceptions.

Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Criticism and interpretation, Political scientists, Socialism, Nationalism, Nationalism and socialism

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Illusions and conceptual flaws

Article Abstract:

Criticisms against the concept of democratic consolidation as it is enunciated in the book 'The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective' have been answered point by point by the book's authors. However, closer study reveals that there are indeed bases for the criticisms. Moreover, the authors did not use their own criteria for democratic consolidation consistently, thereby lessening the reliability of the empirical indicators they presented in the book.

Comparative government

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Horizontal accountability in new democracies

Article Abstract:

Elections provide a means of vertical accountability in emerging democracies. When the citizenry is dissatisfied with the incumbent, it is voted out of office in the following election. Horizontal accountability is absent from many of these emerging democracies, more appropriately referred to as polyarchies. This implies a weakness in the liberal and republican components of these governments. Techniques to enhance both vertical and horizontal accountabilities are presented.

Responsibility

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