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Somalia: from humanitarian intervention to military offensive?

Article Abstract:

The humanitarian mission which impelled the original UN intervention in Somalia has to some degree been completed, and the second UN Operation in Somalia (UNISOM II) hopes to bring about economic reconstruction and political reconciliation. Factors complicating this goal include clan leader resistance to reconciliation, disagreements among cooperating states and UNISOM's command structure. UNISOM has also tried to show enough force to compel the various factions to observe agreements. Views that this show of force has gone far enough beyond the stated UNISOM mission to qualify as a military offensive have also complicated matters.

Author: Makinda, Samuel M.
Publisher: Royal Institute of International Affairs
Publication Name: The World Today
Subject: Political science
ISSN: 0043-9134
Year: 1993
International relations, United Nations, Somalia, Somali foreign relations

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Kenya: out of the straitjacket, slowly

Article Abstract:

Daniel arap Moi has been Kenya's dictator since 1978, but his tenure has been marked by corruption and disregard for civil rights. The pro-democracy movement has, however, not buckled under Moi's harassment and the first multi-party election since independence will take place by Feb 1993. Tribalism is key to Kenyan politics and this might worsen under a multiparty system. Effective power-sharing between the legislature, the executive and the provincial administration has also never been developed. There is no guarantee that the policies of Moi's opponents would be any better.

Author: Makinda, Samuel M.
Publisher: Royal Institute of International Affairs
Publication Name: The World Today
Subject: Political science
ISSN: 0043-9134
Year: 1992
Political activity, Moi, Daniel arap

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Hiding corruption and division

Article Abstract:

Attempts to make Kenya a more democratic society have faltered because of the disunity of opposition parties, the corrupt nature of both the ruling and opposition parties, the general apathy of Kenyans, and the inaction of donor countries. President Daniel arap Moi will probably win reelection in 1998, continuing the Kenya African National Union party's control, which began in 1963. Moi has been effective at creating divisions between opposition leaders and delaying constitutional reforms.

Author: Makinda, Samuel M.
Publisher: Royal Institute of International Affairs
Publication Name: The World Today
Subject: Political science
ISSN: 0043-9134
Year: 1997
Political corruption

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Subjects list: Political aspects, Kenya
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