The crisis of representation of the Andes

Article Abstract:

The Democratic crisis prevalent in the five countries of the Andean region Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, during the fifteen-year period 1992-2005, is discussed with the aim of coming up with a solution for the crisis. The solution worked out involves the critical need to build a state that protects its citizens and guarantees their rights, that is efficient, and that interacts effectively with markets and with civil society to meet the challenges facing democracy into twenty-first century.

Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Economic aspects, History, Political aspects, Economic conditions, Democratization

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The surprising resilience of elected governments

Article Abstract:

It is argued that the major changes that have occurred in Latin American politics since 1978 have not been sufficiently appreciated. Only Colombia, costa Rica and Venezuela could be considered democracies in 1978, but by 1990 nearly every government in the area was either democratic or semidemocratic. Some stagnation, or even regression can be expected, but Latin America's elected regimes are proving to be durable, with few reversals occurring.

Latin America, Political reform

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Party systems in the third wave

Article Abstract:

Political parties in third-wave democracies do not enjoy stability because they are not institutionalized. With few notable exceptions, democracies that emerged after 1974 have weakly institutionalized party systems. Institutionalization establishes a political party on solid footing and contributes significantly to its popularity. The differences between well- and weakly-institutionalized political party systems are tabulated and discussed.

Evaluation, Political parties, Democracy, Social institutions, Institution building

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