Cross-cultural differences in materialism

Article Abstract:

Materialism is a social value that affects dynamic societies regardless of economic status or culture. A qualitative survey was conducted in 12 countries and a psychometric study of four countries was also included. Conclusive data have shown that affluence does not affect the degree of materialism. Social changes in the political and ethnic levels enhances materialism because they cause personal insecurities. Social changes distort the perceived deprivation of an individual, which encourages materialistic behavior.

Social values

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Pay differentials as a function of rater's sex, money ethic and job incumbent's sex: a test of the Matthew effect

Article Abstract:

The degree of personal wealth and gender affects an individuals preferences in the allocation of money. A theoretical organizational chart model was used to evaluate monetary allocation preferences of individuals. The results have indicated that men with high levels of Money Ethics are influenced by the Matthew Effect. The money ethics of women does not affect their rewarding preferences. Men give more value to material goods and possessions than women.

Economic aspects, Behavioral assessment, Sex differences, Reward (Psychology), Rewards (Psychology)

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On utility function estimation of racetrack bettors

Article Abstract:

People's behavior under uncertainty and risk conditions are investigated through data from racetrack betting observations. Empirical data from a Finnish racetrack from the autumn of 1986 to the summer of 1987 were obtained. Findings indicate that bettors do not engage in risk-aversion or risk-neutrality behaviours. Cultural conditions and other circumstances where risk-taking behaviours apply is urged to be further examined.

Psychological aspects, Risk assessment, Evaluation, Racetracks (Horse racing), Racetracks (Horse-racing), Gambling systems

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