Out of a barren cradle

Article Abstract:

A study of children from Romanian orphanages brought to the United Kingdom has shown fewer problems for those adopted before the age of six-months-old, though older children brought to the UK have shown a marked improvement. Over half the children suffered malnourishment and more than half were developmentally retarded. Their weight had recovered by the time they were four-years-old, and their mental level was nearly the same, with a 40 point gain since their arrival in the UK. Some problems with social skills were noted at the age of four, which were worse among those adopted at an older age, though slight problems were also found among children adopted at less than six-months-old.

Psychological aspects, Social aspects, Romania, Developmental disabilities, Children, Adopted, Adopted children, Orphanages

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Glenn H. Wakefield (1873-1939?), alias "Ham Bannister": five poems by the grifter poet

Article Abstract:

Five poems by circus grifter Glenn H. Wakefield, alias Ham Bannister, provide some insight into a profession that included all criminal schemes at circuses and was a closed criminal fraternity. Wakefield's poems, though largely without literary value, reveal some of the language and slang used by grifters as well as some of the grifter lore. The poems are included in their entirety with an appendix that translates some of the terms.

Personal narratives, Portrayals, Criminals, Circuses, Circus

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Friendly societies

Article Abstract:

The UK boasts some 280 friendly societies, which together have a membership of 8 million and investments amounting to 11 billion pounds sterling. The societies, which are mutual organisations, offer savings schemes, life insurance, sickness benefit plans, personal pensions, units trusts, Peps and a variety of insurance. Liverpool Victoria is the UK's largest society.

United Kingdom, Fraternal organizations

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