Japan in 1997: more uncertain, less hopeful

Article Abstract:

Japan's 1997 fiscal year was characterized by uncertain domestic political and economic conditions and few developments in foreign relations. Results of the municipal elections in 1997 showed that Japan's Liberal Democratic Party was electorally and organizationally weak because of its low turnouts compared with recent elections. Lack of progress were also seen on the rise of sales tax, the termination of income-tax rebate program, decrease of Gross domestic Product and low International Monetary Fund growth. Moreover, potential economic and diplomatic relations with China, Russia and North Korea became apparent during the year.

China, Russia, Chinese foreign relations, Japanese foreign relations, Russian foreign relations, North Korea, North Korean foreign relations

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Japan in 1996: between hope and uncertainty

Article Abstract:

Japan achieved some progress in the economic, political and diplomatic fronts in 1996. The year saw a number of favorable economic developments, including the strong performance of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the Economic Planning Agency's declaration that the economy has entered the 'sustainable recovery' stage. Politically, a new electoral system was introduced and tested during the October election won by the Liberal Democratic Party's Ryutaro Hashimoto. Japanese foreign relations remained relatively stable throughout the year.

International relations, Politics, 1996 AD

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Pork barrel politics, networks, and local economic development in contemporary Japan

Article Abstract:

The prevalence of pork barrel politics coincided with economic development in post World War II Japan. Disillusioned voters finally dislodged the long-ruling Liberal Democratic Party in 1993. The 1994 electoral reform, which introduced the system of single-seat districts combined with proportional representation, is unlikely to eliminate pork barrel politics. Needed infrastructure projects are promoted by members of local political organizations. However, development of the domestic economy is expected to be uneven.

Political reform

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