Japanese modernization and the emergence of new fiction in early twentieth century China: a study of Liang Qichao

Article Abstract:

There was a great increase in the writing of fiction after 1900 in the late Qing period prompted by Japanese influences, which was unparalleled in Chinese literature. These literary accomplishments accompanied the quick socio-political transformations in the closing years of the Qing Dynasty. The humiliating defeat of 1895 inflicted by Japan resulted in the feeling among the Chinese intellectuals of a need for reform and they came to see fiction as a strong medium for propagating their views among Chinese people. Liang Qichao used Meiji Japan as a model and started the process of creating a new fiction.

20th century AD, Literature, Fiction

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Warlords against warlordism: the politics of anti-militarism in early twentieth-century China

Article Abstract:

The desire in early twentieth-century China to eliminate the warlord structure and to oppose Japanese imperialist demands found widespread support among significant numbers of warlords, who saw continuous civil war and political unrest as proof their system was untenable. Anti-militarist protest in Beijing on May 4, 1919, continued with the 1989 protest in Tiananmen Square and the 1990 Taiwanese democracy movement.

Social aspects, Nationalism, Militarism, Warlord period, 1916-1928 (China)

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Indian merchant networks outside India in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: a preliminary survey

Article Abstract:

An overview is presented on India's trade policy with its regional neighbors from the 1800s to the mid-1900s. Topics include types of goods exchanged, such as foodstuffs and textiles; social groupings according to occupation; and migratory trends and the influences that directed them.

India, Statistical Data Included, International trade, Trade policy, Commercial policy, Merchants

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