The Meiji woman writer "amidst a forest of beards." (Japanese literature during the Meiji period)

Article Abstract:

A number of Japanese women writers came to temporary prominence during the Meiji period, culminating with the 1895 publication of a special issue of the journal Bungei kurabu devoted exclusively to their work. The free expression of these women writers was severely limited by the dictates of a male-dominated literary and social scene. Male critics closely delineated the acceptable sphere of their literary activity and severely chastised any who transgressed its boundaries. Ultimately, the works of all but Higuchi Ichiyo, were forgotten, depriving subsequent women writers of important role models.

Women writers, Women authors, Japanese literature, Authors, Japanese, Japanese writers

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The controversy over music and "sadness" and changing conceptions of the 'qin' in middle period China

Article Abstract:

Emotions, especially sadness or bei, were considered important to evoke in Chinese music in the Han, Wei and Jin periods. The qin, a stringed instrument similar to a zither, was concerned especially good at creating such emotional responses in listeners. This emotion became identified with beautiful music and beauty itself in these regions and times. A philosopher and musical analyst, Xi Kang, argued against this approach, saying that no emotional state was an inherent part of music.

China, Usage, Sadness, Stringed instruments, Emotions (Philosophy), Music, Chinese, Chinese music

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Macroscopic vs. microscopic: spatial sensibilities in waka of the Bakumatsu period

Article Abstract:

Two opposing trends of aesthetic scale are correlated with divergent social visions in waka of the Bakumatsu period of Japan. The works of Okuma Kotomichi (1798-1848) represent the miniaturizing or reductionist trend, which is introverted and apolitical. The more expansionist or macroscopic trend is exemplified by the works of Tachibana Akemi (1812-1868). The expansionist waka are extroverted, public, and dynamic, transcending the present by projecting into a future or past.

Japan, Time, Literary form, Literary forms, Space, Japanese poetry, Space and time in literature

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