Woman and Arcadia: the impact of ancient utopian thought on the early image of America

Article Abstract:

The initial characterization of America by Christopher Columbus and other Europeans used gendered utopian images such as benevolent mother nature and Amazons as femininity out of male control. Amerigo Vespucci described the sexuality and sexual roles of Indian women as if they were aberrations of European culture rather than part of another culture, making Indian women appear promiscuous and masculine. Therefore, utopian images of the New World were filled with oppositional female images making women both cannibalistic Amazons and endless givers, both wild and benevolent nature.

Social aspects, America, Utopias

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Anne Bradstreet and Elizabeth Bishop: nature, culture and gender in "Contemplations" and "At the Fishhouses."

Article Abstract:

Anne Bradstreet's 'Contemplations' and Elizabeth Bishop's 'At the Fishhouses' address nature, society and their positions as women poets in oppositional ways. Bradstreet buries her ambitions under the patriarchical vision of the Puritans and uses Western and religious images to clearly align herself and her work with her community. Bishop releases herself from male modernist poets and takes her imagery more from nature and reality themselves, advocating a unity between humans and nature that recognizes human limitations.

Human beings, Human-environment interactions, Women poets, Bradstreet, Anne, Bishop, Elizabeth

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Edna St.Vincent Millay and Anne Sexton: the disruption of domestic bliss

Article Abstract:

Some of the contradictions that are evident in Millay's critical reception are tried to be resolved, and the debate concerning her literary and cultural importance of her domestic poetry is broadened. Millay's contribution to domesticity and female anxiety, which had a distinctive impact on the women poets especially Anne Sexton who succeeded her is demonstrated.

United States, Poets, Millay, Edna St. Vincent

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