Access to and transfer of genetic resources

Article Abstract:

Issues related to intellectual property rights protection and technology transfer of genetic plant resources are discussed within the framework of the work done by two regulating agencies, the Food and Agriculture Organization and the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. To give a clearer picture of the debate over free access to genetic resources, two cases are discussed. They involve the USAID deal between India and the USA, and the Merch deal between Costa Rica and Merck and Co.

Laws, regulations and rules, International aspects, Agricultural policy, Germplasm resources, Plant breeding, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

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Technology licensors and licensees: who they are, what resources they employ, and how they feel

Article Abstract:

Technology licensors and licensees play a crucial role in the level of success of technology transfer projects. Recent surveys have shown that 43.5% of US companies engage in technology licensing to foster technological innovations and ensure successful technology transfer. However, not all companies that rely on technology licensing were satisfied with the results of the transactions. Some companies claimed that technology licensing sometimes require more manpower and legal protection than expected.

Methods, Analysis, Licensing agreements

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The measurement of technology transfer: situation in Spain

Article Abstract:

The measurement of international technology transfer is investigated. The process can be measured by considering cross-border payment and considering technological receipts/expenditure as an indicator of science and technology. The first approach can be considered as a quantitative indicator, while the second approach is a qualitative indicator. Although both indicators are not perfect but are complementary, their use depends on the final goal of the data sources.

Research, Science and technology policy, Spain

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