Kinetics of the alkaline hydrolysis of high explosives RDX and HMX in aqueous solution and adsorbed to activated carbon

Article Abstract:

The hydrolysis kinetics of the high explosives hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) for temperatures ranging from 50 to 80 degrees C and in the pH range from 10 to 12 were investigated. Results showed that the rate of RDX hydrolysis is much faster than the rate of HMX hydrolysis. The latter may become rate limiting in the treatment of RDX/HMX mixtures. The alkaline hydrolysis of RDX yields 1.6 M NO2-, 1.5 M HCOO-, 0.1 M CH3COO-, 1.1 M HCHO (11), 0.9 M NH3, 1.1 M N2O and 0.34 M N2 per mol of RDX hydrolyzed. A recovery of 94% carbon and 90% nitrogen was derived through mass balance. Acetate ion was found to be an unknown end product of the alkaline hydrolysis of RDX.

Analysis, Heterocyclic compounds, Hydrolysis, Nitrogen compounds, Military explosives, Explosives, Military

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Soil component interactions wth 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid under supercritical fluid conditions

Article Abstract:

Several common soil constituents were chosen to determine which soil components are likely to limit the recovery of the acid herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) by supercritical fluid extraction. These model soil components included four minerals, silica gel, sodium humate and humic acid. Three potential factors inhibiting 2,4-D extraction were tested, namely, surface reactions, diffusion in porous materials and pH buffering. Organic matters was found to be generally the main component inhibiting extraction of 2,4-D from soils.

Supercritical fluid extraction, Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-D (Herbicide)

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Hydrolysis and oxidation of acetamide in supercritical water

Article Abstract:

The hydrolysis kinetics of acetamide in supercritical water (SCW) was faster than acetamide oxidation kinetics. This difference between hydrolysis and oxidation kinetics supports the use of SCW as an active reagent. Additionally, the use of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant proved ineffective, and this result supports the use of oxidants that are just above stoichiometric demand.

Amides

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