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Mindful of symbols

Article Abstract:

Children learn symbolic thinking over several years and during this process, they make many fascinating errors, including mistaking photographed objects for the real thing and treating small toys as if they are much larger. Fundamentally, grasping the meaning of a symbol entails dual representation and only when children can see an object both as itself and as depicting something else can they start to think symbolically.

Author: DeLoache, Judy S.
Publisher: Scientific American, Inc.
Publication Name: Scientific American
Subject: Science and technology
ISSN: 0036-8733
Year: 2005
Methods, Usage, Symbolism, Cognitive learning

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Malnutrition, poverty and intellectual development

Article Abstract:

Malnutrition can hurt mental performance in children, but some of the effects may be reversible if the children receive adequate nutrition in time. Most undernourished children have problems that are worsened by poverty, lack of medical care and poor schools.

Author: Pollitt, Ernesto, Brown, J. Larry
Publisher: Scientific American, Inc.
Publication Name: Scientific American
Subject: Science and technology
ISSN: 0036-8733
Year: 1996
Social aspects, Guatemala, Child development deviations, Developmental disabilities, Malnutrition in children, Child malnutrition, Cognition in children, Cognitive development, Mental efficiency

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Sick of poverty

Article Abstract:

People with low socioeconomic status (SES) have a higher disease risk and shorter life span than people from wealthier strata of society. New studies have shown that psychosocial stresses associated with poverty might increase the risk of many illnesses.

Author: Sapolsky, Robert
Publisher: Scientific American, Inc.
Publication Name: Scientific American
Subject: Science and technology
ISSN: 0036-8733
Year: 2005
Risk factors, Stress (Psychology)

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Subjects list: United States, Psychological aspects, Health aspects, Poverty
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