Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans formation in incineration: effects of fly ash and carbon source

Article Abstract:

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) form through different mechanisms during combustion and incineration processes. Phenols may also be precursors to both types of compounds. An examination of fly ashes from six different process sources showed that PCDDs have a tendency to form in preferential isomer groups, while PCDF isomers prefer a broader distribution. PCDD formation is consistent with condensation of chlorophenols, while PCDF formation may likely occur via condensation of nonchlorinated phenol and then chlorination of the PCDF skeleton. These show that their formation schemes both start with phenol.

Analysis, Dibenzofurans, Incineration, Fly ash, Combustion

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The C-S-H solid-solution system

Article Abstract:

A thermodynamic model is proposed for predicting the aqueous solubility of calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) as the major solid-solution component of hydrated cement. The model, which is based on solid solution-aqueous solution theory, considers the role of the C-S-H phase in cementitious waste solidification/stabilization systems. It may be used for predicting solid solution solubility and the distribution of trace components between solid and aqueous phases.

Research, Thermodynamics, Solubility, Cement, Cements (Building materials), Solidification

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