A new look at parents' time spent in child care: primary and secondary time use

Article Abstract:

Time spent in both primary and secondary child care are influenced by the gender of the parent, the age of the youngest child, the mother's hours of paid employment, household income, and residential location. Parents with higher income give more time to child care. Employed mothers reduced their time in both in primary and secondary child care in contrast to non-employed mothers. Fathers spend more time in primary child care if both children are males than mothers. Farthers and mothers residing in rural areas spend more time in secondary child care than their counterparts in urban areas.

Analysis, Child care, Reports, Time measurement, Parent and child, Parent-child relations

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Mothers' employment, parental involvement, and the implications for intermediate child outcomes

Article Abstract:

This article examines the effects of mothers' work patterns on parenting activities and children's academic achievement. Findings indicate that parents in households with working mothers are more involved in homework activities and their children exhibited higher grades and fewer problem behaviors when compared to families with mothers who stay at home.

United States, Social aspects, Statistical Data Included, Usage, Children, Academic achievement, Parenting, Working mothers, Reading, Parent participation (Education), Household surveys, Children of working mothers

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Impending widowhood and health care spending

Article Abstract:

Research has established that a household's needs-adjusted income declines when a spouse dies, the process of this decline is less clear. The 1996, 1997 and 1998 medical expenditure panel surveys are utilized to find out whether the income decline is due to medical expenditures before widowhood.

Science & research, Consumer Expenditures, Private Households, Stationery stores, Consumer Exp-Stationery,Writing Suppl, Consumer Expend-Food & Tobacco, Consumer Expend-Health & Recreation, Consumer Expend-Reading & Recreation, Research, Consumer spending, Income

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