Assessing method variance in multitrait-multimethod matrices: the case of self-reported affect and perceptions at work

Article Abstract:

Spector (1987) concluded that there was little evidence of method variance in multitrait-multimethod data from 10 studies of self-reported affect and perceptions at work, but Williams, Cote, and Buckley (1989) concluded that method variance was prevalent. We extended these studies by examining several important but often neglected issues in assessing method variance. We describe a direct-product model that can represent multiplicative method effects and propose that model assumptions, individual parameters, and diagnostic indicators, as well as overall model fits, be carefully examined. Our reanalyses indicate that method variance in these studies is more prevalent than Spector concluded but less prevalent that Williams et al. asserted. We also found that methods can have multiplicative effects, supporting the claim made by Campbell and O'Connell (1967, 1982). (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Methods, Perception, Perception (Psychology), Methodology, Research methods, Affect (Psychology), Matrices, Matrices (Mathematics)

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Questionnaire design, return rates, and response favorableness in an employee attitude questionnaire

Article Abstract:

Topic order and location of demographic items were systematically varied in an employee attitude survey distributed to 1,188 office personnel of a single organization. With six questionnaire topic areas arranged in the order that matched employee representatives' perceptions of employee priorities, returns were higher (96%) than with any of five random orders (average 78%). Returns were higher with demographic items placed at the end (85%) than at the beginning (77%). Global attitudes and three of six topic attitudes varied with topic order and were more positive with the prioritized topic order than with the five random orders. The largest order effect was noted in employees' attitudes toward pay (p < .001), which was the most important topic. Methodological and practical implications are discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Business, Surveys, Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Workers, Business surveys, Employee attitudes

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Employee perceptions on the implementation of robotic manufacturing technology

Article Abstract:

A detailed study of employee reactions to robot technology implementations examined four critical reaction areas: general robotics orientation, job security, management concern and expected changes. The study found that assembly line workers, job setters and skilled tradespeople reacted differently to the placement of robots in their areas. Assembly line workers were most negative, because they perceive robots as threats to their jobs. Highly skilled workers were more positive, seeing robots as opportunities for expanding their skills.

Psychological aspects, Human resource management, Technological innovations, Artificial intelligence, Robotics, Computer-aided manufacturing, Computer aided manufacturing

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