Self-help as mutual protection: the development of Hispanic fraternal benefit societies

Article Abstract:

Research on self-help groups is plentiful, yet published material on the origins, development, and expansion of self-help groups organized by Hispanics to serve Hispanics remains scarce, as does material on fraternal benefit societies with ethnic, religious, or vocational bases. In this article, the author reports a test of three models advanced by Lieberman and Borman in a JABS special issue (1976) to explain the formation of self-help groups: the functionalist framework, alternative pathways, and affiliative bond models. The history, ideologies, and activities of three Hispanic fraternal benefit societies were examined. The findings support the explanatory power of Lieberman and Borman's three models, but indicate a fourth reason for the formation of self-help groups: mutual protection. The author concludes by calling for comparative studies to build a context for more empirical research on self-help groups organized as fraternal benefit societies, and for collaboration between policy makers and practitioners and such societies. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Social aspects, Research, Hispanic Americans, Fraternal organizations, Self-help groups, Self help groups

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Foreign participation in environmental protection in Eastern Europe: the case of Poland

Article Abstract:

The caseof Poland is used for an analysis of prerequisites, directions, forms and limitations of the expected cooperation between Eastern Europe and Western countries regarding environmental protection. The environmental protection programs in Poland are encountering certain difficulties and these difficultiescould be attributed to incompatibility of Western the ecological aid to her economy, the harsh conditions imposed by the benefactors and the Polish managers' negligence and ignorance of the problem.

Poland, Environmental policy

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