The formation of materialist and postmaterialist values

Article Abstract:

The formation of materialist and postmaterialist values involve a variety of ongoing processes that take into account enduring early experiences. This value formation is affected by five groups of influences that include parental socialization, familial and societal economic security, education and contemporary influences. The results of this research show that previous theories on postmaterialist value formation require significant changes to accommodate improvements in measurement techniques, research on additional influences and cross national comparisons.

Social values

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Midlife entry into vocational training: a mobility model

Article Abstract:

The decision of middle-aged and older employees to pursue occupational training is influenced by the workers' acquired skills and educational and occupational statuses in midlife. Employees who have acquired relatively higher skill levels during their career usually want to advance further, so they reenter vocational training. Some labor market factors such as unemployment rates and industrial location also trigger further-education decisions.

Middle aged persons, Middle age, Social aspects, Training, Career development, Occupational retraining

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Effects of family background on social autonomy at midlife

Article Abstract:

The social root of the social autonomy is investigated by focusing on the long-term effects of childhood family background on midlife social autonomy. The analysis has suggested that the long-term effects of family background on social autonomy are primarily due to early life socialization.

Influence, Social classes, Social class, Autonomy in children, Child autonomy

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