Delay or probability discounting in a model of impulsive behavior: effect of alcohol

Article Abstract:

A computer task was used in measuring the delay and probability discounting of impulsivity in humans. Discounting is the reduction in the value of a reward when its occurrence is delayed or uncertain. Twenty-four volunteers consumed a moderate amount of alcohol and were asked to choose between a small, immediate, certain amount of money and $10 that was either delayed or probabilistic. Results showed that delay and discounting were positively correlated within subjects and with measures of impulsivity. It was also observed that alcohol had no effect on discounting.

Psychological aspects, Physiological aspects, Alcohol, Ethanol, Impulsive personality, Impulse control disorders, Reward (Psychology), Rewards (Psychology)

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Emergency food aid

Article Abstract:

Meeting emergency food aid needs in the coming years poses a difficult challenge to the international relief community. Food aid will cost more, require more cost-efficient targeting of food assistance among recipients and necessitate more careful prioritizing of aid needs. At present, total food aid contributions for humanitarian emergencies and chronic food deficits are observed to be in a declining state worldwide.

Management, Food relief, Food assistance, International relief, Emergency food supply

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Preference for fixed and variable food sources: variability in amount and delay

Article Abstract:

A study to test the effects of environmental variability on foraging uses a form of constrained rate maximization and a version of scalar expectancy theory. The former predicts no preference for either option and the latter shows a preference for variability in delay and an aversion to variability in amount. The animal subjects, however, showed a preference for variable delays over fixed delays.

Analysis, Food habits, Animal psychology, Variability (Psychometrics)

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