Algae acquire vitamin B12 through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria

Article Abstract:

The role of vitamin B12 in algal metabolism is primarily as a cofactor for vitamin B12-dependent methionine synthase, and the cobalamin auxotrophy has arisen numerous times throughout evolution, owing to the loss of the vitamin B12-independent form of the enzyme. The source of cobalamin, seems to be bacteria, indicating important and unsuspected symbiosis.

Algae, Symbiosis, Chemical properties, Vitamin B12

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Bacterial speech bubbles

Article Abstract:

Various groups of bacteria use diffusible chemicals to signal to their own kind, and this method of communication seems to have evolved independently several times. The concentration of these signal molecules increases with cell population density, enabling the bacteria to sense how many of their kind surround them, a phenomenon known as quorum sensing.

Behavior, Population density

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From molecular noise to behavioural variability in a single bacterium

Article Abstract:

The properties established by population measurements like adapted states are not conserved at the single-cell level. The results of the analysis conducted reveals that signaling network alone can cause noise and the molecular events that produce it.

Analysis, Causes of, Noise, Noise (Sound)

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