Eemian climate and pollen

Article Abstract:

Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of western Europe during the Eemian period was based on pollen samples and their modern day analogs. A severe winter period was indicated though this information is contradicted by the presence of ivies that exist only at temperatures above -5 degrees Celsius and evidence that the Norwegian Sean and North Atlantic Ocean were warm. However, the ivies are only present in significant quantity before the severe winter while the warmth of the ocean and sea is being contested.

Paleoclimatology

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Normal differentiation patterns in plants lacking microtubular preprophase bands

Article Abstract:

The observation of Arabidopsis without microtubular preprophase bands supports the hypothesis that the cortical cytoskeleton's interphase microtubules and the cytoskeletal array, the prephophase band, are responsible for ordered spacial development. However, the same observation shows that, though cell expansion is irregular and division planes are not aligned in the mutant plants, the differentiation patterns remain correct with organs and cell types in their correct relative positions.

Physiological aspects, Microtubules, Cell aggregation

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Chile refuges

Article Abstract:

Biogeographers have discovered several plant species which migrated from the Northern Hemisphere to the South during the ice age for the warmer climate and survival.

Biogeography

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